Peranan Beberapa Serangga Pengunjung Perbungaan Pada Penyerbukan Colocasia Esculenta Var. Esculenta Dan C. Gigantea

Jenis talas Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott di Jawa mempunyai dua varietas botani yaitu C.esculenta var. esculenta yang umumnya tumbuh di dataian rendah dan C. esculenta var. antiquorum (Schott) Hubbard & Rehdei yang tumbuh liar di tepi-tepi sungai lereng pegunungan. Jenis lainnya yaitu C. gigantea (Bl.) Hook. f. (talas padang, sontrang) biasa tumbuh liar di hutan jati dan tawa. Perbungaan talas-talas budidaya jarang dihasilkan sehingga penanaman daii biji tidak lazim dilakukan dan perbanyakan tanaman lebih dikenal dengan anakan. Kaiena itu penelitian yang menyangkut biologi pembungaan dan penyerbukan kedua jenis Colocasia tersebut sampai saat ini sedikit sekali yang telah dilapoikan

Severity of Phytophthora leaf blight disease and susceptibility of two local varieties of Colocasia to Phytophthora colocasiae Raciborski in Nsukka zone of South Eastern Nigeria

Leaf-blight disease of Colocasia caused by Phytophthora colocasiae Raciborski has been a serious impediment to cocoyam production in Nigeria. Disease severity and susceptibility of the two most cultivated local varieties “Ugwuta” (Colocasia esculenta var. antiquorum) and “Nkashi Colocasia esculenta var. esculenta) were investigated. Disease severity was visually estimated as the percentage leaf surface affected by blight, lesion or lesion-related chlorosis for each leaf of a plant using a seven-point scale of 0, 5, 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100% in three locations: Ede-Oballa, Nsukka Urban and Obukpa. Susceptibility was assessed on 2 months old potted plants of each variety inoculated with a 7-day old culture of P. colocasiae. Diameters of lesions on inoculated leaves were recorded from the 3rd - 8th day after inoculation.  Data on severity were subjected to ANOVA and susceptibility of the varieties was compared with t-test. Results revealed significant LSD=4.96 (0.05) and varying degrees of leaf blight severity among varieties and locations. Variety antiquorum had significantly higher severities of 42.08, 46.40 and 47.42% at Ede-Oballa, Nsukka Urban and Obukpa respectively, compared to 34.85, 36.55 and 28.19% recorded by var. esculenta at these locations, respectively. Similarly, var. antiquorum had greater lesion diameter ranging from 0.65±0.07 cm - 3.70±0.14 cm and average diameter of 2.4±0.16cm compared to var. esculenta which had 0.41±0.14cm - 3.12±0.19 cm and average diameter of 1.80±0.16. This research has shown that varieties and locations affect the severity and susceptibility of Phytophthora leaf blight disease. This could be a guide to farmers having known that var. esculenta is less severe to Phytophthora leaf blight disease

Uji Indeks Glikemik Umbi Talas Ungu (Colocasia esculenta L) dan Umbi Talas Jepang (Colocasia esculenta var Antiquorum) Pada Mencit Jantan (Musmusculus)

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang uji Indeks glikemik umbi talas ungu (Colocasia esculenta L) dan umbi talas jepang (Colocasia esculenta Var Antiquorum) pada mencit jantan (Mus musculus). Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui indeks glikemik umbi talas ungu (Colocasia esculenta L) dan umbi talas jepang (Colocasia esculenta Var Antiquorum) pada mencit (Mus musculus). Talas ungu dan talas jepang disuspensikan ke dalam Na. CMC 0,1% dengan dosis 2,5 g/kgBB, Kontrol positif berupa glukosa dengan dosis 2,5 g/kgBB. dilakukan pengambilan sampel darah hewan uji pada jam ke 0, 45; 90 dan 135 menit. Perhitungan IG dilakukan dengan metode AUC (Area Under Curve). hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa umbi talas ungu memiliki nilai indeks glikemik 20 dan umbi talas jepang memiliki nilai indeks glikemik 43 yang menunjukkan bahwa umbi talas ungu dan umbi talas jepang memiliki IG rendah (IG < 55

PERANAN BEBERAPA SERANGGA PENGUNJUNG PERBUNGAAN PADA PENYERBUKAN COLOCASIA ESCULENTA VAR. ESCULENTA DAN C. GIGANTEA

Jenis talas Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott di Jawa mempunyai dua varietas botani yaitu C.esculenta var. esculenta yang umumnya tumbuh di dataian rendah dan C. esculenta var. antiquorum (Schott) Hubbard & Rehdei yang tumbuh liar di tepi-tepi sungai lereng pegunungan. Jenis lainnya yaitu C. gigantea (Bl.) Hook. f. (talas padang, sontrang) biasa tumbuh liar di hutan jati dan tawa. Perbungaan talas-talas budidaya jarang dihasilkan sehingga penanaman daii biji tidak lazim dilakukan dan perbanyakan tanaman lebih dikenal dengan anakan. Kaiena itu penelitian yang menyangkut biologi pembungaan dan penyerbukan kedua jenis Colocasia tersebut sampai saat ini sedikit sekali yang telah dilapoikan

A study on the functional properties of taro starches from Tonga : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Technology in Food Technology at Massey University

This study compared the functional properties of three taro starches extracted from selected cultivars, one from each of the three most commonly grown taro genera in Tonga. The selected cultivars were Alocasia macrorrhiza var 'Fohenga', Colocasia esculenta var 'Lau'ila', and Xanthosoma saggitifolium var 'Mahele'uli'. Cassava starch, a commercial product from Thailand, was studied together with the taro starches for comparison purposes. Freshly harvested taro corms/cormels were peeled, washed, ground into pulp. The taro pulp was washed with excess water and filtered with a cheese cloth. The solid pulp was discarded, and the water-starch mixture (starch milk) was collected in a settling tank. The starch was held for 10-24 hours to allow the starch to settle, and then the supernatant liquid was discarded. The Xanthosoma starch was successfully isolated using this method. For the Alocasia and Colocasia, the starch could not be isolated from the starch milk due to the presence of a mucilaginous material, and it was separated using a bowl centrifuge. The starches were dried, in a hot-air drier and then purified to remove trace of protein, fat, and fibre. All the taro starch granules were similarly polygonal in shape but the granule sizes were different. The Xanthosoma starch granule size (5-30μm) was similar to that of cassava starch granules (5-35μm). The granule sizes of Alocasia (0.5-3μm) and Colocasia (0.5-6μm) were very small, smaller than rice starch granules. The amylose contents, determined using an iodometric blue value colorimetry method, were 12.1, 13.6, 19.8, and 27.4% for Alocasia, Colocasia, cassava, and Xanthosoma starches respectively. The gelatinization temperatures for the starches were determined using sensory evaluation, hot stage microscopy, Brabender Amylograph, and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) methods. The gelatinization temperatures were approximately 69, 70, 75 and 80°C for cassava, Alocasia, Xanthosoma and Colocasia starches respectively. The gelatinization temperature ranges for Xanthosoma and Colocasia were similar to that of cassava starch, but Alocasia starch showed relatively wider temperature range. The viscosity of the Xanthosoma gelatinized starch paste was much higher than the other starches but showed greater breakdown on heating. The strengths of the starch gels were determined by measuring the rheological modulus G* of the gels using a Bohlin Rheometer, and the penetration strength test using an Instron. Both tests showed that the Xanthosoma starch produced a much stronger and higher viscosity gel than all of the cassava, Alocasia and Colocasia starches which produced gels with similar strength. The relative order of gel clarity from qualitative sensory evaluation, from highest to poorest clarity, was cassava, Xanthosoma, Colocasia, then Alocasia. The storage stability of the starch gels was evaluated by studying the crystallisation using DSC, and measuring the syneresis occurring during storage at 5 and 22°C. The Xanthosoma starch gel was extremely susceptible to crystallisation and syneresis during storage, compared with cassava, Colocasia, and Alocasia gels which had similar stabilities on storage. The freeze-thaw stability of the starch gels was studied by subjecting the starch gels to repeated freeze-thaw cycles. The Xanthosoma starch gel was extremely unstable with freeze-thaw treatment. The Alocasia and Colocasia starch gels were similar to cassava starch gel which was more stable with freeze-thaw treatment. The Xanthosoma starch, because of extremely high viscosity and gel strength, could be used in food products that need high viscous texture but require no further storage. The Colocasia and Alocasia starches, because of high digestibility due to very small granule sizes can be used in baby food formulations, which are either heat treated or frozen

Taro leaf and stylo forage as protein sources for pigs in Laos

Existing forage plants may have applications as alternative protein resources for pigs in smallholder farming systems. This thesis examined the effect of harvesting/defoliation interval on the yield and chemical composition of taro leaves and stylo forage and analysed appropriate ensiling methods for these materials. The effect of replacing soybean crude protein (CP) with ensiled taro leaf and stylo forage CP on growth performance and carcass traits of LY (Landrace x Yorkshire) and ML (Moo Lath) pigs was also examined. Taro leaf and petiole dry matter (DM) yield increased with increased harvesting frequency in the two years studied, but there was no effect on tuber yield. The leaves contained 160-260 g CP kg¹ DM. Stylo leaf DM yield was unaffected by harvesting interval in the first year, while leaf DM yield was larger with the most frequent harvesting in the second year. The leaves contained 170-235 g CP kg¹ DM, which was much higher than in the stems or forage (leaves+stems). Use of cassava root meal, sugar cane molasses and taro tuber meal as silage additives affected pH and the DM, ash and NDF content of stylo forage and taro leaf silage, and the NH₃-N content of stylo forage silage. Level of additive affected pH and DM, NH₃-N, CP, ash and NDF content in taro silage, but not NH₃-N, CP and NDF content in stylo forage silage. Increasing duration of ensiling reduced pH and DM content in stylo forage and taro leaf silage. Dry matter intake (DMI) and CP intake (CPI) in growing LY and ML pigs were unaffected by increasing replacement (25 and 50%) of soybean CP by taro leaf silage CP in the diet, whilst for stylo forage silage DMI and CPI were highest when 25% of soybean CP was replaced. Average daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR), carcass weight, back fat thickness and dressing percentage were unaffected by increasing replacement of soybean CP with taro leaf or stylo forage CP in the diet. LY pigs had higher intake and better carcass traits than ML pigs. The work confirmed that stylo forage and taro leaves can be used as protein sources in smallholder pig production systems without negative effects on the performance of growing LY and ML pigs

Comparative evaluation of traditional and improved cultivation practices and cultivars of Colocasia esculenta (L.) H. W. Schott in the Borail Hills Range of India

Present work was focused on the comparative evaluation of the Taro tuber productivity by using improved cultivation practices versus traditional cultivation practices. Initially, passport data of all the collected 27 cultivars and wild edible aroids were prepared and their Indigenous Collection Numbers (IC) were procured from the Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi. All the collections were phytochemically evaluated and five variants of Colocasia esculenta (L.) H. W. Schott were found to be superior and their IC Numbers are 0631527, 0631529, 0631536, 0631544 and 0631546. Following the randomised block design method for crop productivity evaluation, data of five nutritionally superior cultivar and one check variety were taken in three replications (R1, R2, R3) from eighteen plots of measuring 5×5 m2 (25 m2). Taro tuber productivity in kg/plant from the first and second year’s data from the ICAR-NBPGR, Umiam and also the farmer’s data from Borail Hills Range were analysed by using SPSS software, and that shows significant difference among all the six treatments/variants under Critical Difference at 5% (CD 5%). Total of the data replications (R1+R2+R3) from first, second year data from ICAR-NBPGR, Umiam and also farmer’s data from Borail Hills Range are 18.24 kg, 19.45 kg and 12.69 kg respectively; clearly showing the tuber productivity enhancement of improved cultivation practices over the traditional agro- practices

Analisis Fitokimia Umbi Talas Jepang Colocasia esculentai L. (Schott) var. antiquorum dan Talas Kimpul Xanthosoma sagittifolium L. (Schott) dari Dataran Rendah

This research aims to determine the phytochemical compounds of the Japanese taro tuber Colocasia esculenta L. (Schott) var. antiqourum and local taro tubers Kimpul Xanthosoma sagittifolium L. (Schott). This research was conducted in June-August 2020 at the Pharmacy Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar. This research was carried out from sample preparation, extraction, identification with Mayer, and Dragendroff's reagent, then identified by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). Data analysis is presented descriptively by looking at changes in color and shape of the tested liquid. The results of this research indicate that the extract of the Japanese taro tuber Colocasia esculenta L. (Schott) var. antiqourum and local taro tubers Kimpul Xanthosoma sagittifolium contains bioactive alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids / triterpenoids, tannins and saponins

POTENCIAL DE COLOCASIA ESCULENTA VAR ANTIQUORUM COMO CULTIVO EN PUERTO RICO

POTENCIAL DE COLOCASIA ESCULENTA VAR ANTIQUORUM COMO CULTIVO EN PUERTO RIC